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Principle of Cooling Towers |
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The water is an effective heat transfer medium and
this is taken advantage of in cooling towers. The heat
received by the circulating water from various kinds
of process equipments is dissipated in the cooling
tower for being recirculated.
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The cooling towers operate on the principle of heat
dissipation through partial evaporation of the
circulating water. The heat thus removed by the
evaporation of water is called latent heat of
evaporation. |
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Few Definitions |
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Tonne of Refrigeration |
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Refrigeration effect equal to the melting of 1tonne of
ice in 24hrs.
This can be expressed as follows:
288000 Btu / 24hrs. or 12000 Btu / hr.
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Calorie |
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The amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of one gram of water by 1degree Celsius.
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Range |
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The difference in temperature of the hot water
entering the cooling tower and the cold water leaving
the tower.
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Approach |
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The difference between the temperature of the cold
water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature
of the air entering the tower.
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Wet bulb Temperature |
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This is the lowest temperature water can be cooled by
evaporation. Wet bulb temperature* is an important
parameter in the cooling tower selection and design.
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Heat Load |
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The amount of heat to be removed from the circulating
water in an hour. Heat load is equal to the rate of
water flow per hour multiplied by range.
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Drift Losses |
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The water carried over and discharged to the
atmosphere.
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Blow Down Volume |
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Due to continued evaporation of circulating water in
the tower the concentration of dissolved solids in the
water increases. This is kept in check continuous
bleed off of a part of the basin water.
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Make Up |
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The amount of water required replacing the
evaporation, drifting and blowing down volume. The
quality of makeup water* should be with in the range
specified.
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Design Wet Bulb Temperature For Selected Indian
Cities. |
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City |
Degree F |
Degree C |
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Ahmedabad |
82.5 |
28.0 |
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Allahabad |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Banglore |
75.0 |
23.9 |
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Bhubaneshwar |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Bhopal |
78.0 |
25.4 |
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Bombay |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Calcutta |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Cochin |
79.0 |
26.1 |
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Coimbatore |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Dehradun |
78.0 |
25.6 |
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Durgapur |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Goa |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Hyderabad |
78.0 |
25.6 |
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Jamshedpur |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Kakinada |
84.0 |
28.9 |
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Kanpur |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Lucknow |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Madras |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Madurai |
80.0 |
26.7 |
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Manglore |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Mysore |
78.0 |
25.6 |
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Nagpur |
80.0 |
26.7 |
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Nellore
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82.0 |
27.8 |
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New Delhi |
83.0 |
28.3 |
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Patna |
82.0 |
27.8 |
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Ranchi |
82.0 |
27.8 |
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Rourkela |
81.5 |
27.5 |
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Salem |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Trichy |
82.4 |
28.0 |
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Trivandrum |
81.0 |
27.2 |
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Vijaywada |
80.6 |
27.0 |
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Vishakapatnam |
84.0 |
28.9 |
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The Don'ts During Installation of Cooling Towers |
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Avoid any slope to tower Basin
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Do Not Loop Outlet Pipe
Above Basin
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Not Place Pump Above Sump Outlet Level
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For
Multiple Installations Do
Not Place Cooling Towers At Different Levels
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Structural Diagram of Cooling Towers |
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Structural Diagram of Cooling Towers - HCT 3251 - 3412 |
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Structural Diagram of Cooling Towers - HCT 3105 - 3232 |
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